https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rW55AiAmVHQ&list=RDMM&index=14
Astronomers Puzzled by Cosmic Megastructure
So Large It Shouldn't Exist ..... ook in dit artikel
wordt er weer vanuit gegaan dat het universum
(14 miljard jaar geleden) geboren is en dat er een
big bang was, dat is niet zo, "wij", zonnestelsel
en melkwegstelsel zitten mogelijk in een deel van
het universum dat 14 miljard jaar oud is, het
universum bestaat eeuwig of oneindig en er
was geen big bang, little bangs als nieuwe
melkwegstelsels geformeerd worden (en er is
ook een theorie dat het universum telkens 43
miljard jaar bestaat en dan opnieuw begint, ik
geloof dat niet, waarbinnen begint en eindigt dat
universum van 43 miljard jaar dan ? Stupide
koppen kunnen de gedachte van oneindigheid
niet aan met dat ijdele leventje van maximaal 120
jaar
ONE RING
Lurking some nine billion light years away from Earth is what appears to be a so-called cosmic megastructure in the shape of an enormous ring. It's so large that its existence should be impossible, according to new research reported on by The Guardian, challenging a fundamental assumption of our understanding of the Universe.
Known as the "Big Ring," the structure spans an astonishing 1.3 billion light years in diameter — a significant portion of the observable Universe's estimated size of 94 billion light years. By contrast, the largest known galaxy is a "mere" 16 million light years across. If it were visible in the night sky to the naked eye, the Big Ring would be equal in diameter to fifteen full moons. Succinctly put: it's unfathomably huge.
The unpublished findings, presented at the annual meeting of the American Astronomical Society on Thursday, add to a growing list of inexplicably large structures that remain confounding — if not controversial — to scientists.
The work was led by Alexia Lopez, an astronomer at the University of Central Lancashire in England, who previously discovered an even larger cosmic megastructure dubbed "the Giant Arc" in 2021.
"From current cosmological theories we didn't think structures on this scale were possible," Lopez told The Guardian. "We could expect maybe one exceedingly large structure in all our observable universe."
Fundamental Rethink
There should be just one, but there are many. The largest and most notable of all is the Hercules-Corona Borealis Great Wall, a supercluster of galaxies thought to be 10 billion light years across.
Why are these megastructures a big deal? They fly in the face of what's known as the cosmological principle, which holds that the universe, at a grand scale, should be homogenous. Think of looking at a vast, still ocean at a distance: there's just water in every direction. From that understanding, nothing larger than 1.2 billion light years across should exist because, among other reasons, the Universe isn't old enough for them to form.
To find the Big Ring, Lopez combed through data on quasars in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, according to The Guardian. These extremely bright objects helped bring to light distant and hidden galaxies. Lopez then applied a statistical algorithm to these galaxies detect potential structures, yielding the Big Ring.
"It doesn’t seem to be a mere chance alignment," Jenny Wagner, a cosmologist at the Bahamas Advanced Study Institute and Conferences, told The Guardian.
On its own, this discovery won't be enough to upend our understanding of cosmology as we know it, but Lopez believes that astronomers can't ignore the implications of these megastructures forever.
"These oddities keep getting swept under the rug, but the more we find, we're going to have to come face-to-face with the fact that maybe our standard model needs rethinking," Lopez told The Guardian. "As a minimum it's incomplete. As a maximum we need a completely new theorem of cosmology."
Scientists have long linked the mass extinction of dinosaurs 65 million years ago to a meteor that crashed into the Earth. The event brought about a new era for life on earth, from animals to fungi.
One of the fungi that seemingly emerged from this period is psilocybin-producing mushrooms, known more commonly as magic mushrooms. A new genomic diversity study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences journal found that the Psilocybe genus emerged much earlier than scientists previously thought: about 65 million years ago, to be exact. That would place the birth of magic mushrooms around the same time the meteor wiped out all the dinosaurs.
Hallucinogenic mushrooms have held a sacred place in Indigenous Mesoamerican cultures for centuries, and scientists in the U.S. and abroad have been trying to conduct as much research into the fungi as possible, as they still remains a federally banned substance deemed to have no medical benefits. Still, Oregon and Colorado—states that once led the charge in legalizing recreational marijuana—have legalized psilocybin therapy in recent years, opening the door for more Americans to take advantage of its purported psychological benefits.
The new study is more or less a progress report of years of the scientists' work. They set a goal in 2020 to get a genome sequence for every Psilocybe type specimen they receive from collections around the world. So far, they've sequenced 71 specimens and counting.
"It’s impossible to overstate the importance of collections for doing studies like this," lead author Alexander Bradshaw said of the research. "We are standing on the shoulders of giants, who spent thousands of people-power hours to create these collections, so that I can write an email and request access to rare specimens, many of which have only ever been collected once, and may never be collected again."
While recreational mushrooms still remain inaccessible, the new research could be instrumental in opening the door to more use in medical settings. Van die dingen, van die dingen, verstarring ook zeker bij de medische "wetenschap" en dat dit 😱😱
wat is het tegenovergestelde van orgasme, als je leest dat trump met overmacht de verkiezingen wint in iowa en dat schijnt bepalend te zijn voor het vervolg leert 100 jaar geschiedenis ons .... what have "we" become, what have "we" done, the "we" between brackets omdat ik zo vies ben van dat smerigste goorste varken d. trump en stinkend smerige etalage pop melania, het lege stupide schijtweif, nog liever dood dan sex met melania of ~en daar wil ik helemaal niet aan denken, want dan ben ik voorgoed impotent~ een zwetend zwijn d trump met se gore varkenskopf bovenop je, welke vrouw kan dan nog vrijen ? ook als hoer sou ik soon schwein weigere
maareuh als dat goorste varken weer president wordt, dan is het voorgoed voorbij, een vrije(re), gelijkwaardige, sociaal solidaire wereld die 2057 overleeft omdat we binnen twee jaar vanaf nu in europa en amerika stoppen met olie, kolen en gas en de stinkendste scheten van ruftend zwijntje vlad donald greedy possessive pigrat shit trumpoetin .... het viel te verwachten, iowa,
maar biden kan volgens mij niet van de dood van de wereld per 2057 winnen .. wat gebeurt er als biden in oktober overlijdt ? of kunnen rechters het nog verbieden, dat dat meest stupide smerige zwijn dictator van de verenigde staten van amerika wordt ..... vrees het ergste, dan kan het alleen maar mee vallen ....... het zegt ook alles over de staat van amerika en de gemiddelde amerikaan, een racistisch sexistisch ijdel verwaand verwend verrot dood en verderf zaaiend varrrekeuh als "president", een varken dat niets presidentieels heeft, net zoals beatriksie willy oranje na ss au zwijnereet niets koninklijks heeft, de bespottelijke ijdele lege holle verwaande verrotte domme met hermelijnen manteltje en kroontje omhulde opblaasvarkentjes
'We do not understand how it can exist': Astronomers baffled by 'almost invisible' dwarf galaxy that upends a dark matter theory
Scientists have discovered an "almost invisible" dwarf galaxy that cannot be explained by our current understanding of the cosmos. The mysteriously faint object, which has evaded detection for years, is so dim that researchers haven't even been able to pin down exactly where it is.
The newfound galaxy, named Nube (or "cloud" in Spanish), was described in a study published Jan. 9 in the journal Astronomy & Astrophysics. Nube is extremely diffuse, which means that its stars are very spread out and, as a result, the galaxy emits barely any light. It is around 10 times fainter than most other known dwarf galaxies and is more than 10 times wider than it should be considering the number of stars it has.
"With our present knowledge we do not understand how a galaxy with such extreme characteristics can exist," study lead author Mireia Montes, an astrophysicist at the Institute of Astrophysics of the Canary Islands, said in a statement.
The researchers discovered Nube when they reanalyzed data collected by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey — one of the largest and most detailed astronomical databases of the night sky — and spotted a small inconsistency that had gone unnoticed for years. After catching the anomaly, the team took ultra-deep multicolor images of the outlying coordinates using the Green Bank Telescope in West Virginia and the Gran Telescopio Canarias in La Palma, Spain.
But even then, Nube is so faint that the team cannot accurately pin down its exact distance from our own galaxy. The researchers suspect that it is around 300 million light-years from the Milky Way, and around a third of the size across. But further observations are needed to confirm this.
A comparison of what the galaxy looks like with different telescopes
The general rule of galaxy formation is that a galaxy's density is highest at the core and decreases further out. But the concentration of stars in Nube "varies very little throughout the object, which is why it is so faint," Montes said.
The researchers can't explain how the galaxy is kept together when it has so little mass at its center, which would normally exert the gravity needed to keep the rest of the stars in place.
Normally, astronomers think such gravitational anomalies are caused by dark matter — a mysterious type of matter with unknown origins that does not react with light and supposedly makes up around 27% of the universe's mass. However, based on our current understanding of dark matter, there should not be enough of it to explain Nube's unusual properties.
"One possibility which is attractive, is that the unusual properties of Nube are showing us that the particles which make up dark matter have an extremely small mass," study co-author Ignacio Trujillo, an astrophysicist at the Institute of Astrophysics of the Canary Islands, said in the statement. If this were true, dark matter would be a "demonstration of the properties of quantum physics, but on a galactic scale," he added.
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"If this hypothesis is confirmed, it would be one of the most beautiful demonstrations of nature, unifying the world of the smallest with that of the largest," Trujillo added. However, this is just one possible theory.
Whatever the cause of Nube's diffuse nature, the researchers are now on the hunt for similarly faint galaxies that could help unravel the mystery.
"It is possible that with this galaxy, and similar ones which we might find, we can find additional clues which will open a new window on the understanding of the universe," Montes said.
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